feat(freebsd): full FreeBSD 15.0 compatibility

- board: detect cuaU* serial ports in fallback scanner, filter .init/.lock nodes
- board: fall through to OS scan when arduino-cli returns empty (serial-discovery
  uses unsupported Linux syscalls on FreeBSD)
- board: recognize cuaU* port names as USB in is_usb()
- upload.sh: fix silent exit under set -euo pipefail when vid_pid grep finds
  nothing (|| true on LOCAL_PORT and LOCAL_VID_PID greps)
- upload.sh: add cuaU to auto-detect port pattern
- doctor: detect dialer and operator group membership, offer --fix for both
- doctor: detect avr-size installed but not on PATH, offer --fix to add to
  shell rc file via detect_shell_rc()
- doctor: context-aware hardware section (suppress misleading messages when
  groups not yet applied)
- doctor: FreeBSD-specific troubleshooting hints throughout
- devices: suppress arduino-cli board detection section on FreeBSD (broken
  due to serial-discovery syscall issues)
- devices: always show USB hub tip on FreeBSD
- devices: FreeBSD-specific troubleshooting checklist with sequential numbering
  on all platforms

src/board/mod.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ impl PortInfo {
         if self.port_name.contains("ttyUSB") || self.port_name.contains("ttyACM") {
             return true;
         }
+        // FreeBSD: cuaU* are USB serial ports
+        if self.port_name.contains("cuaU") {
+            return true;
+        }
         false
     }
 
@@ -87,11 +91,18 @@ struct MatchingBoard {
 }
 
 /// Enumerate serial ports via `arduino-cli board list --format json`.
-/// Falls back to OS-level detection if arduino-cli is unavailable.
+/// Falls back to OS-level detection if arduino-cli is unavailable or returns
+/// empty results (e.g. on FreeBSD where serial-discovery uses unsupported syscalls).
 pub fn list_ports() -> Vec<PortInfo> {
     if let Some(cli) = find_arduino_cli() {
         if let Ok(ports) = list_ports_via_cli(&cli) {
-            return ports;
+            if !ports.is_empty() {
+                return ports;
+            }
+            // arduino-cli succeeded but found nothing -- on FreeBSD its
+            // serial-discovery subprocess uses Linux syscalls that are not
+            // implemented, so it always returns empty. Fall through to the
+            // OS-level scan which checks /dev/cuaU* directly.
         }
     }
     list_ports_fallback()
@@ -171,12 +182,22 @@ fn list_ports_fallback() -> Vec<PortInfo> {
         if let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir("/dev") {
             for entry in entries.flatten() {
                 let name = entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string();
-                if name.starts_with("ttyUSB") || name.starts_with("ttyACM") {
+                // Linux: ttyUSB* (CH340/FTDI), ttyACM* (Arduino native USB)
+                // FreeBSD: cuaU* (USB serial)
+                // On FreeBSD, cuaU0.init and cuaU0.lock are control nodes,
+                // not actual ports -- only match bare cuaU* names.
+                let is_usb_port = name.starts_with("ttyUSB")
+                    || name.starts_with("ttyACM")
+                    || (name.starts_with("cuaU")
+                        && !name.contains('.'));
+                if is_usb_port {
                     let path = format!("/dev/{}", name);
                     let board = if name.starts_with("ttyUSB") {
                         "Likely CH340/FTDI (run 'anvil setup' for full detection)"
-                    } else {
+                    } else if name.starts_with("ttyACM") {
                         "Likely Arduino (run 'anvil setup' for full detection)"
+                    } else {
+                        "USB serial device (run 'anvil setup' for full detection)"
                     };
                     result.push(PortInfo {
                         port_name: path,
@@ -306,14 +327,23 @@ pub fn print_port_details(ports: &[PortInfo]) {
         println!("  {}", "No serial devices found.".yellow());
         println!();
         println!("  Checklist:");
-        println!("    1. Is the board plugged in via USB?");
-        println!("    2. Is the USB cable a data cable (not charge-only)?");
-        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
         {
-            println!("    3. Check kernel log:  dmesg | tail -20");
+            let mut n = 1u32;
-            println!("    4. Check USB bus:     lsusb | grep -i -E 'ch34|arduino|1a86|2341'");
+            println!("    {}. Is the board plugged in via USB?", n); n += 1;
+            println!("    {}. Is the USB cable a data cable (not charge-only)?", n); n += 1;
+            #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+            {
+                println!("    {}. Check kernel log:  dmesg | tail -20", n); n += 1;
+                println!("    {}. Check USB bus:     lsusb | grep -i -E 'ch34|arduino|1a86|2341'", n); n += 1;
+            }
+            #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+            {
+                println!("    {}. Check kernel log:  dmesg | grep -i usb", n); n += 1;
+                println!("    {}. List USB devices:  usbconfig list", n); n += 1;
+                println!("    {}. Board should appear as /dev/cuaU0 (or cuaU1, cuaU2...)", n); n += 1;
+            }
+            println!("    {}. Try a different USB port or cable", n);
         }
-        println!("    5. Try a different USB port or cable");
         return;
     }
 

src/commands/devices.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,20 @@ pub fn scan_devices() -> Result<()> {
     let ports = board::list_ports();
     board::print_port_details(&ports);
 
-    // Also run arduino-cli board list for cross-reference
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    {
+        println!();
+        println!(
+            "  {}",
+            "Tip: if your board is not showing up, try plugging it directly into the machine -- some USB hubs prevent boards from being detected on FreeBSD.".bright_black()
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Also run arduino-cli board list for cross-reference.
+    // On FreeBSD, arduino-cli is a Linux binary whose serial-discovery subprocess
+    // uses syscalls not implemented in the Linux compat layer -- skip it entirely
+    // since we already detected ports via the OS fallback above.
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "freebsd"))]
     if let Some(cli_path) = board::find_arduino_cli() {
         println!();
         println!(
@@ -62,6 +75,14 @@ pub fn scan_devices() -> Result<()> {
             println!("  - Check kernel log: dmesg | tail -20");
             println!("  - Check USB bus: lsusb | grep -i -E 'ch34|arduino|1a86|2341'");
         }
+        #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+        {
+            println!("  - Check kernel log: dmesg | grep -i usb");
+            println!("  - List USB devices: usbconfig list");
+            println!("  - Board should appear as /dev/cuaU0 (or cuaU1, cuaU2...)");
+            println!("  - Make sure you are in the dialer group: sudo pw groupmod dialer -m $USER");
+            println!("  - Then log out and back in for group change to take effect");
+        }
         #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
         {
             println!("  - Open Device Manager and check Ports (COM & LPT)");

src/commands/doctor.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ pub struct SystemHealth {
     pub arduino_cli_path: Option<String>,
     pub avr_core_ok: bool,
     pub avr_size_ok: bool,
+    pub avr_size_path: Option<String>,
     pub dialout_ok: bool,
+    pub operator_ok: bool,
     pub cmake_ok: bool,
     pub cpp_compiler_ok: bool,
     pub cpp_on_path: bool,
@@ -43,10 +45,10 @@ pub fn run_diagnostics(fix: bool) -> Result<()> {
                 .bold()
         );
         if fix {
-            // Check optional tools
             let optional_missing = !health.cmake_ok
                 || !health.cpp_compiler_ok
-                || !health.git_ok;
+                || !health.git_ok
+                || !health.avr_size_ok;
             if optional_missing {
                 println!();
                 run_fix_optional(&health)?;
@@ -76,13 +78,11 @@ pub fn run_diagnostics(fix: bool) -> Result<()> {
 }
 
 pub fn check_system_health() -> SystemHealth {
-    // arduino-cli
     let (arduino_cli_ok, arduino_cli_path) = match board::find_arduino_cli() {
         Some(path) => (true, Some(path.display().to_string())),
         None => (false, None),
     };
 
-    // AVR core
     let avr_core_ok = if let Some(ref path_str) = arduino_cli_path {
         let path = std::path::Path::new(path_str);
         board::is_avr_core_installed(path)
@@ -90,16 +90,11 @@ pub fn check_system_health() -> SystemHealth {
         false
     };
 
-    // avr-size (optional)
+    let (avr_size_ok, avr_size_path) = find_avr_size();
-    let avr_size_ok = which::which("avr-size").is_ok();
-
-    // dialout group (Linux only)
     let dialout_ok = check_dialout();
-
+    let operator_ok = check_operator_group();
-    // cmake (optional -- for host tests)
     let cmake_ok = which::which("cmake").is_ok();
 
-    // C++ compiler (optional -- for host tests)
     let cpp_on_path = which::which("g++").is_ok()
         || which::which("clang++").is_ok()
         || which::which("cl").is_ok();
@@ -109,10 +104,7 @@ pub fn check_system_health() -> SystemHealth {
         has_cpp_compiler()
     };
 
-    // git
     let git_ok = which::which("git").is_ok();
-
-    // Serial ports
     let ports_found = board::list_ports().len();
 
     SystemHealth {
@@ -120,7 +112,9 @@ pub fn check_system_health() -> SystemHealth {
         arduino_cli_path,
         avr_core_ok,
         avr_size_ok,
+        avr_size_path,
         dialout_ok,
+        operator_ok,
         cmake_ok,
         cpp_compiler_ok,
         cpp_on_path,
@@ -129,7 +123,6 @@ pub fn check_system_health() -> SystemHealth {
     }
 }
 
-/// Check for a C++ compiler on any platform.
 fn has_cpp_compiler() -> bool {
     if which::which("g++").is_ok() || which::which("clang++").is_ok() {
         return true;
@@ -139,8 +132,6 @@ fn has_cpp_compiler() -> bool {
         if which::which("cl").is_ok() {
             return true;
         }
-        // cl.exe may be installed via VS Build Tools but not on PATH.
-        // Check via vswhere.exe (ships with VS installer).
         if let Ok(output) = std::process::Command::new(
             r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe",
         )
@@ -161,7 +152,6 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
     println!("{}", "Required:".bright_yellow().bold());
     println!();
 
-    // arduino-cli
     if health.arduino_cli_ok {
         println!(
             "  {} arduino-cli  {}",
@@ -176,7 +166,6 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
         println!("  {} arduino-cli  {}", "MISSING".red(), "not found in PATH".red());
     }
 
-    // AVR core
     if health.avr_core_ok {
         println!("  {} arduino:avr core installed", "ok".green());
     } else if health.arduino_cli_ok {
@@ -197,7 +186,6 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
     println!("{}", "Optional:".bright_yellow().bold());
     println!();
 
-    // avr-size
     if health.avr_size_ok {
         println!("  {} avr-size (binary size reporting)", "ok".green());
     } else if !health.avr_core_ok {
@@ -207,39 +195,53 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
             "included with arduino:avr core (no separate install)".yellow()
         );
     } else {
+        let hint = hint_avr_size_not_on_path(&health.avr_size_path);
         println!(
             "  {} avr-size  {}",
             "na".yellow(),
-            hint_avr_size_not_on_path().yellow()
+            hint.as_str().yellow()
         );
     }
 
-    // dialout
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
+        let group_name = serial_group_name();
         if health.dialout_ok {
-            println!("  {} user in dialout group", "ok".green());
+            println!("  {} user in {} group", "ok".green(), group_name);
         } else {
+            let fix_cmd = serial_group_fix_command();
             println!(
-                "  {} dialout group  {}",
+                "  {} {} group  {}",
                 "WARN".yellow(),
-                "run: sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER".yellow()
+                group_name,
+                format!("run: {}  (then log out and back in)", fix_cmd).yellow()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    {
+        if health.operator_ok {
+            println!("  {} user in operator group (USB device access)", "ok".green());
+        } else {
+            println!(
+                "  {} operator group  {}",
+                "WARN".yellow(),
+                "run: sudo pw groupmod operator -m $USER  (then log out and back in)".yellow()
             );
         }
     }
 
-    // cmake
     if health.cmake_ok {
         println!("  {} cmake (for host-side tests)", "ok".green());
     } else {
         println!(
             "  {} cmake  {}",
             "na".yellow(),
-            hint_cmake().yellow()
+            hint_cmake().as_str().yellow()
         );
     }
 
-    // C++ compiler
     if health.cpp_on_path {
         println!("  {} C++ compiler", "ok".green());
     } else if health.cpp_compiler_ok {
@@ -252,18 +254,17 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
         println!(
             "  {} C++ compiler  {}",
             "na".yellow(),
-            hint_cpp_compiler().yellow()
+            hint_cpp_compiler().as_str().yellow()
         );
     }
 
-    // git
     if health.git_ok {
         println!("  {} git", "ok".green());
     } else {
         println!(
             "  {} git  {}",
             "na".yellow(),
-            hint_git().yellow()
+            hint_git().as_str().yellow()
         );
     }
 
@@ -273,20 +274,41 @@ fn print_diagnostics(health: &SystemHealth) {
 
     if health.ports_found > 0 {
         println!(
-            "  {} {} serial port(s) detected",
+            "  {} {} Arduino board(s) detected",
             "ok".green(),
             health.ports_found
         );
     } else {
-        println!(
+        // On FreeBSD, missing group membership prevents port detection entirely --
-            "  {} no serial ports  {}",
+        // make that clear so the user doesn't chase a phantom hardware problem.
-            "na".yellow(),
+        #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
-            "(plug in a board to detect)".yellow()
+        {
-        );
+            if !health.dialout_ok || !health.operator_ok {
+                println!(
+                    "  {} no board detected  {}",
+                    "na".yellow(),
+                    "(cannot scan for boards until group access is fixed -- resolve the WARNs above and log out and back in)".yellow()
+                );
+            } else {
+                println!(
+                    "  {} no board detected  {}",
+                    "na".yellow(),
+                    "(plug in your Arduino -- on FreeBSD boards appear as /dev/cuaU0)".yellow()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "freebsd"))]
+        {
+            println!(
+                "  {} no board detected  {}",
+                "na".yellow(),
+                "(plug in your Arduino to continue)".yellow()
+            );
+        }
     }
+
 }
 
-/// Print step-by-step fix instructions when required items are missing.
 fn print_fix_instructions(health: &SystemHealth) {
     println!("{}", "How to fix:".bright_cyan().bold());
     println!();
@@ -310,11 +332,32 @@ fn print_fix_instructions(health: &SystemHealth) {
             println!("     Option C -- Direct download:");
             println!(
                 "       {}",
-                "https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/"
+                "https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/".bright_cyan()
-                    .bright_cyan()
             );
         } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
             println!("       {}", "brew install arduino-cli".bright_cyan());
+        } else if is_freebsd() {
+            println!();
+            println!("     FreeBSD -- download the Linux binary (runs via Linux compat layer):");
+            println!(
+                "       {}",
+                "curl -L https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_latest_Linux_64bit.tar.gz -o /tmp/arduino-cli.tar.gz"
+                    .bright_cyan()
+            );
+            println!(
+                "       {}",
+                "tar xzf /tmp/arduino-cli.tar.gz -C /tmp".bright_cyan()
+            );
+            println!(
+                "       {}",
+                "sudo mv /tmp/arduino-cli /usr/local/bin/".bright_cyan()
+            );
+            println!();
+            println!("     Ensure Linux compat layer is active:");
+            println!(
+                "       {}",
+                "sudo sysrc linux_enable=YES && sudo service linux start".bright_cyan()
+            );
         } else {
             println!();
             println!("     Option A -- Install script:");
@@ -362,46 +405,54 @@ fn print_fix_instructions(health: &SystemHealth) {
         println!(
             "  {}. {}",
             step,
-            "Install the AVR core and verify everything:"
+            "Install the AVR core and verify everything:".bright_white().bold()
-                .bright_white()
-                .bold()
         );
         println!("       {}", "anvil setup".bright_cyan());
         println!();
-        // step += 1;
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    if !health.dialout_ok {
+        let fix_cmd = serial_group_fix_command();
+        println!(
+            "  {}",
+            format!(
+                "Tip: add yourself to the serial group for board upload access: {}",
+                fix_cmd
+            )
+            .bright_black()
+        );
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    if !health.operator_ok {
+        println!(
+            "  {}",
+            "Tip: add yourself to the operator group for USB device access: sudo pw groupmod operator -m $USER"
+                .bright_black()
+        );
+        println!();
     }
 
     if !health.git_ok {
         println!(
             "  {}",
-            "Tip: git is optional but recommended for version control."
+            "Tip: git is optional but recommended for version control.".bright_black()
-                .bright_black()
         );
         if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
-            println!(
+            println!("       {}", "winget install Git.Git".bright_black());
-                "       {}",
-                "winget install Git.Git".bright_black()
-            );
         } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-            println!(
+            println!("       {}", "xcode-select --install".bright_black());
-                "       {}",
+        } else if is_freebsd() {
-                "xcode-select --install".bright_black()
+            println!("       {}", "sudo pkg install git".bright_black());
-            );
         } else {
-            println!(
+            println!("       {}", "sudo apt install git".bright_black());
-                "       {}",
-                "sudo apt install git".bright_black()
-            );
         }
         println!();
     }
 }
 
-// ==========================================================================
-// --fix: automated installation
-// ==========================================================================
-
-/// Prompt the user for yes/no confirmation.
 fn confirm(prompt: &str) -> bool {
     print!("{} [Y/n] ", prompt);
     io::stdout().flush().ok();
@@ -413,7 +464,6 @@ fn confirm(prompt: &str) -> bool {
     trimmed.is_empty() || trimmed == "y" || trimmed == "yes"
 }
 
-/// Run a command, streaming output to the terminal.
 fn run_cmd(program: &str, args: &[&str]) -> bool {
     println!(
         "  {} {} {}",
@@ -428,7 +478,6 @@ fn run_cmd(program: &str, args: &[&str]) -> bool {
         .unwrap_or(false)
 }
 
-/// Detect which package manager is available on the system.
 fn detect_package_manager() -> Option<&'static str> {
     if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
         if which::which("winget").is_ok() {
@@ -444,8 +493,13 @@ fn detect_package_manager() -> Option<&'static str> {
         } else {
             None
         }
+    } else if is_freebsd() {
+        if which::which("pkg").is_ok() {
+            Some("pkg")
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
     } else {
-        // Linux
         if which::which("apt").is_ok() {
             Some("apt")
         } else if which::which("dnf").is_ok() {
@@ -458,11 +512,9 @@ fn detect_package_manager() -> Option<&'static str> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Fix required items (arduino-cli, avr core).
 fn run_fix(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
     let pm = detect_package_manager();
 
-    // -- arduino-cli --
     if !health.arduino_cli_ok {
         println!(
             "{}",
@@ -524,10 +576,39 @@ fn run_fix(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
                     println!("{} arduino-cli installed.", "ok".green());
                 }
             }
-            Some("dnf") => {
+            Some("pkg") => {
                 println!(
-                    "  arduino-cli is not in dnf repos. Install manually:"
+                    "  {}",
+                    "arduino-cli is not in the FreeBSD ports tree.".bright_yellow()
                 );
+                println!(
+                    "  {}",
+                    "It runs via the Linux compatibility layer (linux_enable must be YES).".bright_black()
+                );
+                if confirm("Download and install the Linux arduino-cli binary now?") {
+                    if !run_cmd("curl", &[
+                        "-L",
+                        "https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-cli/arduino-cli_latest_Linux_64bit.tar.gz",
+                        "-o", "/tmp/arduino-cli.tar.gz",
+                    ]) {
+                        println!("{} Download failed. Check your internet connection.", "FAIL".red());
+                        return Ok(());
+                    }
+                    run_cmd("tar", &["xzf", "/tmp/arduino-cli.tar.gz", "-C", "/tmp"]);
+                    if !run_cmd("sudo", &["mv", "/tmp/arduino-cli", "/usr/local/bin/arduino-cli"]) {
+                        println!("{} Could not move binary to /usr/local/bin/.", "FAIL".red());
+                        return Ok(());
+                    }
+                    println!("{} arduino-cli installed.", "ok".green());
+                    println!(
+                        "  {}",
+                        "If it fails to run, ensure Linux compat is active: sudo sysrc linux_enable=YES && sudo service linux start"
+                            .bright_black()
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+            Some("dnf") => {
+                println!("  arduino-cli is not in dnf repos. Install manually:");
                 println!(
                     "  {}",
                     "curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | sh"
@@ -545,19 +626,15 @@ fn run_fix(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
                 }
             }
             _ => {
-                println!(
+                println!("  No supported package manager found. Install manually:");
-                    "  No supported package manager found. Install manually:"
-                );
                 println!(
                     "  {}",
-                    "https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/"
+                    "https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/installation/".bright_cyan()
-                        .bright_cyan()
                 );
                 return Ok(());
             }
         }
 
-        // Re-check after install
         if board::find_arduino_cli().is_none() {
             println!();
             println!(
@@ -568,7 +645,6 @@ fn run_fix(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
-    // -- AVR core --
     if !health.avr_core_ok {
         if health.arduino_cli_ok || board::find_arduino_cli().is_some() {
             println!();
@@ -589,16 +665,96 @@ fn run_fix(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
-    // Offer optional tools too
+    // -- serial group (dialout / dialer) --
-    run_fix_optional(health)?;
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    if !health.dialout_ok {
+        let group = serial_group_name();
+        let fix_cmd = serial_group_fix_command();
+        println!();
+        println!(
+            "{}",
+            format!("You are not in the {} group (needed for board upload).", group).bright_yellow()
+        );
+        if confirm(&format!("Add yourself to {} now?", group)) {
+            let parts: Vec<&str> = fix_cmd.split_whitespace().collect();
+            if run_cmd(parts[0], &parts[1..]) {
+                println!("{} Added to {} group. Log out and back in to apply.", "ok".green(), group);
+            } else {
+                println!("{} Failed. Run manually: {}", "FAIL".red(), fix_cmd);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
+    // -- operator group (FreeBSD USB device access) --
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    if !health.operator_ok {
+        println!();
+        println!(
+            "{}",
+            "You are not in the operator group (needed for USB device access on FreeBSD).".bright_yellow()
+        );
+        if confirm("Add yourself to operator group now?") {
+            if run_cmd("sudo", &["pw", "groupmod", "operator", "-m", &whoami()]) {
+                println!("{} Added to operator group. Log out and back in to apply.", "ok".green());
+            } else {
+                println!("{} Failed. Run manually: sudo pw groupmod operator -m $USER", "FAIL".red());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    run_fix_optional(health)?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-/// Fix optional items (cmake, C++ compiler, git).
 fn run_fix_optional(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
     let pm = detect_package_manager();
 
+    // -- avr-size PATH fix --
+    if !health.avr_size_ok {
+        if let Some(ref bin_path) = health.avr_size_path {
+            let bin_dir = std::path::Path::new(bin_path)
+                .parent()
+                .map(|p| p.display().to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+            println!();
+            println!(
+                "{}",
+                "avr-size is installed but not on PATH.".bright_yellow()
+            );
+            println!(
+                "  Found at: {}",
+                bin_path.bright_cyan()
+            );
+            if !bin_dir.is_empty() {
+                let shell_rc = detect_shell_rc();
+                let export_line = format!(r#"export PATH="{}:$PATH""#, bin_dir);
+                if confirm(&format!("Add {} to PATH in {}?", bin_dir, shell_rc)) {
+                    let rc_path = std::path::Path::new(&shell_rc);
+                    let existing = std::fs::read_to_string(rc_path).unwrap_or_default();
+                    if existing.contains(&export_line) {
+                        println!("{} Already in {} -- log out and back in to apply.", "ok".green(), shell_rc);
+                    } else {
+                        let line = format!("
+# Added by anvil doctor --fix
+{}
+", export_line);
+                        if std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+                            .append(true)
+                            .open(rc_path)
+                            .and_then(|mut f| { use std::io::Write; f.write_all(line.as_bytes()) })
+                            .is_ok()
+                        {
+                            println!("{} Added to {}. Log out and back in to apply.", "ok".green(), shell_rc);
+                        } else {
+                            println!("{} Could not write to {}. Add manually:", "FAIL".red(), shell_rc);
+                            println!("  {}", export_line.bright_cyan());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     let items: Vec<(&str, bool, FixSpec)> = vec![
         ("cmake", health.cmake_ok, fix_spec_cmake(pm)),
         ("C++ compiler", health.cpp_compiler_ok, fix_spec_cpp(pm)),
@@ -606,6 +762,9 @@ fn run_fix_optional(health: &SystemHealth) -> Result<()> {
     ];
 
     let missing: Vec<_> = items.iter().filter(|(_, ok, _)| !ok).collect();
+    if missing.is_empty() && health.avr_size_ok {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
     if missing.is_empty() {
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -666,6 +825,11 @@ fn fix_spec_cmake(pm: Option<&str>) -> FixSpec {
             program: "sudo",
             args: &["apt", "install", "-y", "cmake"],
         },
+        Some("pkg") => FixSpec::Auto {
+            prompt: "Install cmake via pkg?",
+            program: "sudo",
+            args: &["pkg", "install", "-y", "cmake"],
+        },
         Some("dnf") => FixSpec::Auto {
             prompt: "Install cmake via dnf?",
             program: "sudo",
@@ -702,6 +866,9 @@ fn fix_spec_cpp(pm: Option<&str>) -> FixSpec {
             program: "sudo",
             args: &["apt", "install", "-y", "g++"],
         },
+        Some("pkg") => FixSpec::Manual {
+            message: "clang++ is already part of the FreeBSD base system",
+        },
         Some("dnf") => FixSpec::Auto {
             prompt: "Install g++ via dnf?",
             program: "sudo",
@@ -740,6 +907,11 @@ fn fix_spec_git(pm: Option<&str>) -> FixSpec {
             program: "sudo",
             args: &["apt", "install", "-y", "git"],
         },
+        Some("pkg") => FixSpec::Auto {
+            prompt: "Install git via pkg?",
+            program: "sudo",
+            args: &["pkg", "install", "-y", "git"],
+        },
         Some("dnf") => FixSpec::Auto {
             prompt: "Install git via dnf?",
             program: "sudo",
@@ -756,57 +928,121 @@ fn fix_spec_git(pm: Option<&str>) -> FixSpec {
     }
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+fn hint_avr_size_not_on_path(found_path: &Option<String>) -> String {
-// Platform-aware install hints (one-liners for the diagnostics table)
+    let location = match found_path {
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        Some(p) => format!("found at {}  -- add its directory to PATH, or log out and back in", p),
-
+        None => "not found -- install the AVR core first: anvil setup".to_string(),
-fn hint_avr_size_not_on_path() -> &'static str {
+    };
     if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
-        "installed but not on PATH (binary size reports will be skipped)"
+        format!("installed but not on PATH  ({})", location)
     } else {
-        "installed but not on PATH"
+        format!("not on PATH  ({})", location)
     }
 }
 
-fn hint_cmake() -> &'static str {
+/// Search common locations for avr-size and return (on_path, found_path).
+fn find_avr_size() -> (bool, Option<String>) {
+    if which::which("avr-size").is_ok() {
+        return (true, None);
+    }
+    let home = std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_else(|_| "/root".to_string());
+    let search_roots = vec![
+        format!("{}/.arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/avr-gcc", home),
+        format!("{}/.local/share/arduino15/packages/arduino/tools/avr-gcc", home),
+        format!("{}\\AppData\\Local\\Arduino15\\packages\\arduino\\tools\\avr-gcc", home),
+    ];
+    for root in &search_roots {
+        let root_path = std::path::Path::new(root);
+        if !root_path.exists() { continue; }
+        if let Ok(entries) = std::fs::read_dir(root_path) {
+            for version_entry in entries.flatten() {
+                let bin_name = if cfg!(target_os = "windows") { "avr-size.exe" } else { "avr-size" };
+                let bin = version_entry.path().join("bin").join(bin_name);
+                if bin.exists() {
+                    return (false, Some(bin.display().to_string()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    (false, None)
+}
+
+fn hint_cmake() -> String {
     if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
-        "install: winget install Kitware.CMake  (or choco install cmake)"
+        "install: winget install Kitware.CMake  (or choco install cmake)".into()
     } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-        "install: brew install cmake"
+        "install: brew install cmake".into()
+    } else if is_freebsd() {
+        "install: sudo pkg install cmake".into()
     } else {
-        "install: sudo apt install cmake"
+        match detect_package_manager() {
+            Some("dnf") => "install: sudo dnf install cmake".into(),
+            Some("pacman") => "install: sudo pacman -S cmake".into(),
+            _ => "install: sudo apt install cmake".into(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
-fn hint_cpp_compiler() -> &'static str {
+fn hint_cpp_compiler() -> String {
     if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
-        "install: choco install mingw  (or open Developer Command Prompt for MSVC)"
+        "install: choco install mingw  (or open Developer Command Prompt for MSVC)".into()
     } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-        "install: xcode-select --install"
+        "install: xcode-select --install".into()
+    } else if is_freebsd() {
+        "clang++ is part of the FreeBSD base system -- check your PATH".into()
     } else {
-        "install: sudo apt install g++"
+        match detect_package_manager() {
+            Some("dnf") => "install: sudo dnf install gcc-c++".into(),
+            Some("pacman") => "install: sudo pacman -S gcc".into(),
+            _ => "install: sudo apt install g++".into(),
+        }
     }
 }
 
-fn hint_git() -> &'static str {
+fn hint_git() -> String {
     if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
-        "install: winget install Git.Git  (or https://git-scm.com)"
+        "install: winget install Git.Git  (or https://git-scm.com)".into()
     } else if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-        "install: xcode-select --install  (or brew install git)"
+        "install: xcode-select --install  (or brew install git)".into()
+    } else if is_freebsd() {
+        "install: sudo pkg install git".into()
     } else {
-        "install: sudo apt install git"
+        match detect_package_manager() {
+            Some("dnf") => "install: sudo dnf install git".into(),
+            Some("pacman") => "install: sudo pacman -S git".into(),
+            _ => "install: sudo apt install git".into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_freebsd() -> bool {
+    cfg!(target_os = "freebsd")
+}
+
+fn serial_group_name() -> &'static str {
+    if is_freebsd() {
+        "dialer"
+    } else {
+        "dialout"
+    }
+}
+
+fn serial_group_fix_command() -> String {
+    if is_freebsd() {
+        "sudo pw groupmod dialer -m $USER".to_string()
+    } else {
+        "sudo usermod -aG dialout $USER".to_string()
     }
 }
 
 fn check_dialout() -> bool {
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
-        let output = std::process::Command::new("groups")
+        let group = serial_group_name();
-            .output();
+        match std::process::Command::new("groups").output() {
-        match output {
             Ok(out) => {
                 let groups = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout);
-                groups.contains("dialout")
+                groups.contains(group)
             }
             Err(_) => false,
         }
@@ -814,6 +1050,49 @@ fn check_dialout() -> bool {
 
     #[cfg(not(unix))]
     {
-        true // Not applicable on Windows
+        true
     }
 }
+fn check_operator_group() -> bool {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
+    {
+        match std::process::Command::new("groups").output() {
+            Ok(out) => {
+                let groups = String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout);
+                groups.contains("operator")
+            }
+            Err(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "freebsd"))]
+    {
+        true // not applicable on other platforms
+    }
+}
+
+fn whoami() -> String {
+    std::process::Command::new("whoami")
+        .output()
+        .map(|o| String::from_utf8_lossy(&o.stdout).trim().to_string())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "$USER".to_string())
+}
+
+/// Detect the user's shell RC file for PATH exports.
+fn detect_shell_rc() -> String {
+    let home = std::env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_else(|_| ".".to_string());
+    // Check SHELL env var first
+    let shell = std::env::var("SHELL").unwrap_or_default();
+    if shell.contains("zsh") {
+        return format!("{}/.zshrc", home);
+    }
+    if shell.contains("fish") {
+        return format!("{}/.config/fish/config.fish", home);
+    }
+    // Fall back to checking which RC files exist
+    let zshrc = format!("{}/.zshrc", home);
+    if std::path::Path::new(&zshrc).exists() {
+        return zshrc;
+    }
+    format!("{}/.bashrc", home)
+}

templates/basic/build.sh

@@ -38,8 +38,29 @@ toml_get() {
 }
 
 toml_array() {
-    (grep "^$1 " "$CONFIG" 2>/dev/null || true) | head -1 \
+    # Handles both single-line:  key = ["a", "b"]
-        | sed 's/.*\[//; s/\].*//; s/"//g; s/,/ /g' | tr -s ' '
+    # and multiline:             key = [
+    #                                "a",
+    #                                "b",
+    #                            ]
+    awk -v key="$1" '
+        $0 ~ ("^" key " *= *\\[") {
+            collecting = 1
+            buf = $0
+            if (index($0, "]") > 0) { collecting = 0 }
+        }
+        collecting && NR > 1 { buf = buf " " $0 }
+        collecting && index($0, "]") > 0 && NR > 1 { collecting = 0 }
+        !collecting && buf != "" {
+            gsub(/.*\[/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/\].*/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/"/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/,/, " ", buf)
+            print buf
+            buf = ""
+            exit
+        }
+    ' "$CONFIG" | tr -s " "
 }
 
 toml_section_get() {

templates/basic/test.sh

@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
 TEST_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/test"
 BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIR/build"
 
+# Portable CPU count -- BSD make requires a number after -j, GNU make does not
+cpu_count() {
+    if command -v nproc &>/dev/null; then
+        nproc
+    elif command -v sysctl &>/dev/null; then
+        sysctl -n hw.ncpu
+    else
+        echo 4
+    fi
+}
+
 # Color output
 if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
     RED=$'\033[0;31m'; GRN=$'\033[0;32m'; CYN=$'\033[0;36m'
@@ -67,6 +78,8 @@ if ! command -v cmake &>/dev/null; then
     echo "  Install:" >&2
     if [[ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]]; then
         echo "    brew install cmake" >&2
+    elif [[ "$(uname)" == "FreeBSD" ]]; then
+        echo "    sudo pkg install cmake" >&2
     else
         echo "    sudo apt install cmake   (Debian/Ubuntu)" >&2
         echo "    sudo dnf install cmake   (Fedora)" >&2
@@ -102,7 +115,7 @@ if [[ ! -f "$BUILD_DIR/CMakeCache.txt" ]]; then
 fi
 
 info "Building tests..."
-cmake --build "$BUILD_DIR" --parallel 2>&1 | \
+cmake --build "$BUILD_DIR" --parallel "$(cpu_count)" 2>&1 | \
     while IFS= read -r line; do echo "       $line"; done
 
 echo ""

templates/basic/test/run_tests.sh

@@ -17,6 +17,17 @@ set -euo pipefail
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
 BUILD_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/build"
 
+# Portable CPU count -- BSD make requires a number after -j, GNU make does not
+cpu_count() {
+    if command -v nproc &>/dev/null; then
+        nproc
+    elif command -v sysctl &>/dev/null; then
+        sysctl -n hw.ncpu
+    else
+        echo 4
+    fi
+}
+
 # Color output
 if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
     RED=$'\033[0;31m'; GRN=$'\033[0;32m'; CYN=$'\033[0;36m'
@@ -40,7 +51,7 @@ for arg in "$@"; do
     esac
 done
 
-command -v cmake &>/dev/null || die "cmake not found. Install: sudo apt install cmake"
+command -v cmake &>/dev/null || die "cmake not found. Install: pkg install cmake (FreeBSD), apt install cmake (Debian/Ubuntu), dnf install cmake (Fedora)"
 command -v g++ &>/dev/null || command -v clang++ &>/dev/null || die "No C++ compiler found"
 command -v git &>/dev/null || die "git not found (needed to fetch Google Test)"
 
@@ -55,7 +66,7 @@ if [[ ! -f "$BUILD_DIR/CMakeCache.txt" ]]; then
 fi
 
 info "Building tests..."
-cmake --build "$BUILD_DIR" --parallel
+cmake --build "$BUILD_DIR" --parallel "$(cpu_count)"
 
 echo ""
 info "${BLD}Running tests...${RST}"

templates/basic/upload.sh

@@ -39,8 +39,29 @@ toml_get() {
 }
 
 toml_array() {
-    (grep "^$1 " "$CONFIG" 2>/dev/null || true) | head -1 \
+    # Handles both single-line:  key = ["a", "b"]
-        | sed 's/.*\[//; s/\].*//; s/"//g; s/,/ /g' | tr -s ' '
+    # and multiline:             key = [
+    #                                "a",
+    #                                "b",
+    #                            ]
+    awk -v key="$1" '
+        $0 ~ ("^" key " *= *\\[") {
+            collecting = 1
+            buf = $0
+            if (index($0, "]") > 0) { collecting = 0 }
+        }
+        collecting && NR > 1 { buf = buf " " $0 }
+        collecting && index($0, "]") > 0 && NR > 1 { collecting = 0 }
+        !collecting && buf != "" {
+            gsub(/.*\[/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/\].*/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/"/, "", buf)
+            gsub(/,/, " ", buf)
+            print buf
+            buf = ""
+            exit
+        }
+    ' "$CONFIG" | tr -s " "
 }
 
 toml_section_get() {
@@ -195,7 +216,7 @@ if [[ -z "$PORT" ]]; then
         PORT=$(arduino-cli board list 2>/dev/null \
             | grep -i "serial" \
             | awk '{print $1}' \
-            | grep -E 'ttyUSB|ttyACM|COM' \
+            | grep -E 'ttyUSB|ttyACM|cuaU|COM' \
             | head -1)
 
         if [[ -z "$PORT" ]]; then